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What are the seven quality measurement tools?
The seven quality tools are graphic techniques that accurately explain and fix problems related to product quality, as the seven tools of quality control aim to solve about 95% of problems related to products or services, so in order for any business to be sustainable, the quality of the product or service provided must be taken into account. .
The quality of the product greatly affects the desired growth of the business, because the labor market today is highly focused on the customer and seeks to provide the best customer experience. Therefore, effective quality management is one of the main factors that guarantee customer satisfaction.
The Seven Key Quality Control Tools and Their Importance
The concept of the Seven Quality Measurement Tools was first developed by Kaoru Ishikawa, Professor of Engineering at the University of Tokyo. The Seven Quality Measurement Tools are also known as Basic Quality Tools and abbreviated as Seven QC Tools. There are different tools for quality control but the most notable and most common are these seven:
1. Graph
Graphs are used to measure one thing against another, and the graph is a histogram or the graph of different columns. Graph to summarize big data, compare measurements and specifications and to aid decision making.
Graph Benefits
Clarifies the iterative distribution of values or data, helps evaluate the process and understand variance, helps to understand the spread or variance of data, its location and shape, and whether the process is stable and predictable, in order to ensure that the process is produced according to specifications.
How can I create a graph in Excel?
- Count the number of N points.
- Calculate the data range R, the range R is the difference between the largest and smallest value in the sample.
- Select the number of chapters or periods.
- Calculate the width of the category.
- Prepare a check sheet or verification sheet to summarize the data on it.
- Count the number of parts in each period or the frequencies in each category.
- Plot the graph placing the frequencies on the vertical axis, and on the horizontal axis the intervals of separation.
2. Fishbone diagram
It is also called the cause-and-effect diagram, which is the diagram created by Kurua Ishikawa. This method looks at the various root causes and possibilities behind the problem and is collected to choose the real cause. In this diagram, many different factors such as: human, machine, method, material, measurement, and environment are taken when searching. Causes or factors are grouped into six main groups to identify the potential source of the problem while keeping the chart organized.
How to create a fishbone diagram
Usually the team meets and a fishbone diagram is created during the meeting, which is drawn on a flip chart or whiteboard. An arrow points to the head of the fish, which serves as the backbone of the fish, and then comes out of the horizontal line several arrows representing the primary bones of the fish, and on them identify at least four central causes that are likely to be the cause of the problem.
It can also include a number of general categories mentioned earlier, such as: people, environment, measurements, equipment, etc. The team members then consult on each cause individually with an exchange of ideas and information about that cause, and the contributing factors are noted in the corresponding section of the cause.
When do we use a fishbone diagram?
To identify possible causes of the problem, and contributing factors to it.
To avoid recurring problems and overburdening employees.
To develop a problem-solving product.
To ensure the correctness of any procedures put in place to solve the problem.
3. Paper examination chart
The check sheet is used to collect, analyze and record data, and this data may be opinions, observations or numerical data, as it collects data that indicates the number of times a particular value has occurred in the form of signs or statistics, which helps to quickly identify defects or problems related to the product. or process and resolution, as data collection is important to solve problems and provide further action.
When the collected data is quantitative in nature, the check sheet is called a record sheet, and the check sheet is used to collect data, determine the type of problem, defects or non-conformance, and distinguish between fact and opinion, it is also used when collecting data from different machines, locations, people, etc.
Benefits of Examination Paper Outline
It helps to detect how many times the same problem has recurred.
It helps to collect records and maintain data in a systematic manner, and analyze this data for corrective actions.
This chart also helps as an initial tool for data collection in making histograms, graphs, and Pareto charts.
4. Scatter plot
The scatter diagram is also known as the correlation diagram, where the scatter graph shows the value of two important variables, establishing a relationship between the problem and the influencing causes, and it shows the relationship between them or between two sets of numerical data, whether positively or negatively.
When do we use a scattering plot?
When there is numeric data associated with it.
When the dependent variable has multiple values for each value of the independent variable.
When trying to determine if two variables are related like so:
While identifying possible causes of problems.
After brainstorming causes and effects using a fishbone diagram, to ascertain whether there is a particular relationship and effect.
When testing whether two effects that appear to be related occur for the same reason.
Scatter plot benefits
A powerful tool for plotting the distribution of data in two dimensions, which helps to discover and analyze pattern relationships between quality and compliance variables, as an independent variable and a dependent variable.
Understand if there is a relationship between them, and discover the type of relationship between them, whether strong or weak.
The shape of the scatter graph often shows the degree and direction of the relationship between two variables, and the association may reveal the causes of the problem.
Scatter plots are useful in regression modeling.
The chart can indicate if the correlation between the two variables is positive or negative, or indicate that there is no association.
5. Shewhart charts
Also called a control chart, this chart helps to use collected data to monitor process concentration or process behavior against specified control limits, and is an important tool for revealing the source of process variations found in manufacturing processes. It is widely used in quality control techniques and helps make certain decisions, such as when to remove common variations.
When is a control chart used?
When you want to control the running processes and find and solve problems directly.
When you want to predict the expected extent of the operation.
When analyzing patterns of process variation from special (uncommon) or common causes.
When determining whether the quality management project aims to identify and prevent specific problems, or the occurrence of fundamental changes.
6. Pareto charts
The Pareto chart especially helps to focus on important and influential problems, narrow the scope of the problem and give priority to remedial actions. In its system, this scheme is based on a rule of 80-20, where it shows that 80% of problems are caused by 20% of the causes, and the remaining 20% of problems or failures are caused by 80% of the reasons considered trivial.
When do we use the Pareto chart?
The Pareto chart is used when analyzing why problems recur in a process.
When there are many problems and you want to focus on the most important ones.
When communicating with others about your data.
It is also used when analyzing the general causes of any problem.
Benefits of the Pareto chart
It helps to identify important vital elements from among the trivial ones.
Shows the relative importance of the causes of the problem, using the 20-80 rule we can solve 80% of problems using 20% of the resources.
It also helps to understand defects and how they affect products.
Ease of data analysis using Pareto chart, also very useful in various Six Sigma projects, QCCk, Seven QCk, etc.
7. Flow charts
Also called flow charts, flow charting predicts problems within a process, breaks down complex processes in any area in an easy to understand manner, shows changes in the process when improvements are made, and is one of the best tools that can be used for process improvement.
When is a flow chart used?
This diagram is used when you want to know where bottlenecks or failures are in processes. The diagram helps provide a picture of what the process will look like, and helps to identify problems within the process. When improvements are made to the product, this flowchart helps show changes in the process and helps show how any new work flows.
Other Quality Control Tools
As we mentioned earlier, there are many quality control tools, and after mentioning the seven most famous, we append these five tools:
1. Stratification scheme
In this diagram, data, things, and people are divided into homogeneous categories or groups called starta to be sorted. Separating and sorting the data helps determine its meaning, and discover patterns that may be invisible. This scheme is used when a set of data is collected from different sources, such as data from machines or a human.
Information about data sources may strongly affect the final results of data analysis, so in order to obtain good results, this point must be taken into account, and stratified analysis allows understanding the data during and after collection, even before collection.
2. Matrix diagram
It clarifies the relationship between different elements and works to clarify problems, and is used in many areas, such as analyzing market surveys, planning new products, and others.
3. Arrow chart (Gantt chart + CPM chart, PERT)
The use of an arrow chart is very effective for controlling and understanding schedules, it is also effective in clarifying the tasks required to carry out plans, and it is widely used in technical areas of software evaluation and review.
4. KJ . Affinity Diagram
This diagram can be used to precisely define the problem and to find new and different solution strategies. It is unique in this regard.
5. Tree diagram
Also known as a hierarchical or hierarchical diagram, this diagram facilitates agreement among the team.
When to use the Seven Quality Tools
The Seven Quality Tools can be implemented during quality control, when product quality improvement is desired, in SIX SIGMA implementation processes, and in the PDCA cycle for the purpose of improving quality management.
The following diagrams can be used in the first phase of measurement and identification: fishbone diagram, Pareto diagram, cause-and-effect diagram, and control diagram.
In the advanced stages of evaluation and analysis, the scatter plot and histogram can be implemented.
Also, in order to improve the quality of the product, a control scheme can be used.
Benefits of the Seven Quality Tools
Quality control tools are of great importance, as they have a great role in:
Solve problems related to products and services, and make business decisions and judgments.
Then it has great importance in improving products in terms of quality, services provided and processes.
Contribute continuously to raising and improving quality levels and obtaining customer satisfaction.
The seven quality control tools also improve employees' problem-solving and analytical skills, encourage team spirit, enhance collaboration, and help companies and organizations control and manage the production process.
Among the uses of the seven quality tools are also that they help identify the different sources of differences in the process, and always identify the roots of problems and work to solve them in a scientific and logical manner, and they are the most effective tools in addition to being easy to implement and understand and quick to accomplish, taking a very short time to solve any problem.
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